Tires might seem unimpressive – just black and round. But if you take a closer look at them you realize that they are high-tech components which have to fulfil various tasks and the highest demands, since they are the only contact between the vehicle and the road. Tires have to transfer driving power and steering or braking forces under all conditions – no matter if in freezing temperatures far below zero degrees or in extreme summer heat. In addition, tires are expected to have a low rolling resistance, for this property significantly contributes to the fuel consumption of vehicles. And last but not least, they should last as long as possible – a mileage of at least 50,000 kilometres (or 31,000 miles) for today’s passenger car tires is expected.

To meet these requirements, the tire manufacturers rely on high-performance synthetic rubbers, which can be tailored to very specific needs and which provide far superior properties compared to natural rubber.

What makes up a tire

1. The tread: Tread pattern and rubber compound influence grip
2. The lining of cushion rubber under the tread joins the tread to the steel belt and carcass.
3. The upper steel belt and …
4. … lower steel belt influence the driving features and shape of the tire.
5. The carcass, made of synthetic fiber, gives the tire support and shape.
6. The airtight inner liner replaces the tube.
7. Steel wires in the bead keep the tire safely attached to the wheel rim.
8. The sidewall bears the type designation and protects the carcass from damage.